Regulating Dietary Supplements Essay -- Health, Nutrition

According to the 2002 Harris poll, seven out of ten adults in the United States take vitamins, minerals, herbs, or other supplements (Schardt 2). Due to media advertising, dietary supplements are becoming more popular. Companies compete to have the best supplements. It is said that forty percent of American adults take vitamin supplements and over the counter products, which total in several billion dollars (Farley 2). Although many of the supplements claim to be healthy and help lose weight, the dangers are endless. Dietary supplements can be illegally spiked and are not safe. Therefore, putting regulations on dietary supplements and their safety hazards is necessary. To begin, the Federal Food and Drug Administration does not have the power to regulate supplements like it does with drugs. Once a product is out on the market, the FDA has to prove that it is dangerous or has illegal additives before it can be removed. The FDA has targeted around seventy tainted weight loss products after learning that they had been mixed with undeclared stimulants, diuretics, and antidepressants (Trebilcock 2). The Federal Food, and Drug, Administration is responsible for ensuring that the manufacturers of foods provide safe ingredients and the correct amount of dosages for their products. In addition, the agency is also in charge of providing accurate labels without any misleading information (Farley 1). The DSHEA lets â€Å"natural† products be sold without any proof that the product is safe. "In 1994 Congress passed the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, which allowed supplements- broadly defined as vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, and other products that don’t contain approved pharmaceutical drugs and don’t claim to treat d... ...low. It is important to take precautions in all aspects. With all the unregulated dietary supplements being sold and recommended, our health insurance costs will continue to rise. If the product causes severe side effects, it should no longer be permitted to be sold in stores. The only way to touch the minds of many people is to inform them of the dangers of consuming dietary supplements. Disposing of all incorrect information in product labeling and ingredient lists is important. People need to recognize the faults that plague many advertisements. In addition businesses should promote safe products instead of the harmful ones that they advocate for. The United States Congress should consider regulating dietary supplements to maintain safety. If people are aware of the many lies companies present, then dietary supplements will be one less problem to worry about.

Employee Safety, Health and Welfare Essay

The Company has policies and programs to address our employees’ broad range of concerns which includes working conditions, skills training, career opportunities, health and safety, and work-life balance. We have training and development programs suited to our employees’ needs. We also organize programs that support the well-being of employees, allow them to participate in PLDT’s CSR activities and obtain their feedback on company concerns. In accordance with the PLDT Personnel Manual, the Company provides medical benefits for our employees, which extends to their qualified dependents, subject to certain terms and conditions, , as well as adequate insurance coverage. The Company has also issued a Manual of Safety Practices to fulfill its commitment of providing and maintaining a safe and healthful work environment that is in accordance with industrial standards and which complies with legislative requirements. Relevant data on Safety The Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) programs being implemented by the Company resulted to an accumulation of more than 14,400,000 safe man-hours in 2013 without lost time accidents. Relevant data on health and welfare The Company’s medical benefits include the full or partial cost of doctor consultation medical tests, medicine, hospital confinements and post-operative rehabilitation. Part of our preventive medical approach is to subject employees to Annual Physical and Dental Examination (88% compliance rate in 2013). Continuous medical education fora are being conducted monthly to address common health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardio-pulmonary disease (82 conducted in 2013). The Company ensures that work-life balance is achieved by promoting sports and recreation programs with 30 various events (basketball, bowling, family fun day, volleyball, etc.) that covered and engaged 80% of employees in 2013. Likewise, the Company aims to empower its employees by providing them livelihood workshops and seminars (candle making, food processing, etc.) to engage them in productive activities that are potential for family income augmentation.

Essay on separation of powers - 629 Words

In the United States government there are 3 branches of government, the power given to the central government is divided among these 3 branches. Each of these branches are given powers so that they can check the powers of the other 2 branches ensuring that one branch doesn’t become to powerful One of these branches is the legislative branch this is the branch that includes congress, they are responsible for making laws. The second branch of government is the executive branch this is the branch that includes the president, they are responsible for carrying out laws. The last branch of government is the judicial branch, this branch includes the Supreme Court they are responsible for making sure laws are constitutional. There many different†¦show more content†¦One other power that the legislative branch has is the power to override a veto with a 2/3 vote. This means that if the president decides to veto a law proposed by congress they have the power to override that vet o w/ a 2/3 vote. One way in which the legislative branch checks the powers of the judicial branch is if congress decides that a certain judge isn’t doing his job properly they have the power to remove them from their job. One other power that the legislative branch has over the judicial branch is they have the power to approve or reject the appointments of new judges, this means that if they do not want a certain judge to be appointed to the supreme court they have the power to deny him of his job. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The executive branch also has many powers over the other 2 branches. One power that the executive branch has over the legislative branch is, if congress decides to create a new law the president has the power to approve or veto this law if he doesn’t like it. The executive branch also has many powers over the judicial branch. One of these powers is the President has the power to appoint new judges if he feels that there is the need for a new member to the Supreme Court. One other power that the president’s branch has over the Supreme Court is the power to pardon someone. This means that the president has the power to excuse someone from their crime that they committed if the Supreme Court decided that that individual was guilty.Show MoreRelatedSeparation Of Powers Of Power924 Words   |  4 Pages2014 Separation of Powers Separation of Powers is a system in which power is divided between three branches of government. These branches consist of Legislative (Congress), Executive (President), and Judiciary (Supreme Court). Each one of the branches is given a duty to fulfill. If one branch doesn’t fulfill its duties, the other branches can force that branch to fulfill it. There is another system that helps these branches of government to check on each other and limit each other’s powers. It isRead MoreSeparation of Power731 Words   |  3 Pagesdo not wish to abandon the doctrine of separation of power but however, this notion shall follow the Montesquieu approach as he provides for a separation of power that aims at having separate institutions doing separate function by separate personnel and having the checks and balance that will control the powers of these organs. The doctrine of separation of power cannot be abandoned because of the following reasons: The doctrine avoids the abuse of powers. This means that when a single personRead MoreSeparation of Powers1967 Words   |  8 Pagesis to defend the assertion that separation of power in Zambia is relative. This essay will begin by giving a brief description of the concept Separation of Powers. executive, legislature and the judiciary. Thereafter, a Main Body shall provide a detailed discussion over the assertion after which a conclusion will be given to summarise the discussion. According to the online business dictionary, Separation of Powers is a constitutional principle that limits the powers vested in any person or institutionRead MoreThe Separation Of Powers Of The State And Its Powers912 Words   |  4 Pagesway in which the state is established. In short, it is a framework that explains the structure of the state and its powers. Unlike most modern states, Britain does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one that exists in an abstract sense. It delineates the powers of the different branches of the state, and the restrictions placed on the institutions and on state power. It is comprised of various acts of Parliament, court judgements and conventions that have evolved over a long periodRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Separation Of Power1610 Words   |  7 Pagesof the separation of powers has been compromised to a less extent in the nation like Australia. The first section will constitute in exploring the history and the significance of t he separation of the power doctrine. In the second section I will discuss about the compromise of the doctrine, especially between the administrator and the legislature with some good cases held in high court. Besides, some clarification will be provided to explain how the philosophical system of separation of power is beingRead MoreDoctrine of Separation of Powers3203 Words   |  13 Pages1st Internal Assignment Administrative Law The Doctrine of Separation of Power Clive D’souza 13010124119 Division B III Year Introduction: The Government of any country will be the agency or machinery through which the will of the people is realised, expressed and formulated. But for the will of the people to be so expressed, realised and formulated, there needs to be a well organized system which works together, jointly as well as separately for ultimate achievement of the goalRead MoreThe Division and Separation of Power944 Words   |  4 PagesThe Division and Separation of power are essential to keep our societies rulers to have a restriction on their powers. The importance of each on the Australian domestic law especially in relation to the rule of law, and protecting individual rights, and the legal system. The difference between the division and separation of powers is small. The Division of power is one of the most important aspects of the Constitution. This role is dividing power between the state and Commonwealth parliaments. ThisRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Separation Of Power966 Words   |  4 Pagesdoctrine of separation of power is a vital element of modern, democratic systems of government. At the same time, it will show the basic points of working process in Australian legal system. Callie Harvey declared that only under the condition that separation of power can be maintained between parts of government, the democratic civilisation can be justly ruled. In fact, the legal system in Australia is divided into three branches, which are based on the doctrine of separation of power, with theRead MoreThe Principle Of Separation Of Powers891 Words   |  4 PagesThe method of separation of powers was a very important addition to the constitution for the founders of the document. After years of struggling under Great Britain’s regime then finally getting freed, they wanted to make sure they avoided every way of a totalitarian government arising. Thus forth, the founders developed the idea of separation of powers. However, this was the 18th century. Although the creators of the constitution did a great job at developing a long lasting agreement between governmentRead MoreSeparation of Powers in the Constitution895 Words   |  4 Pages The Separation of Powers was simply created to establish a system of checks and balances so that no one particular division of the government could solely control all of our nations business. This makes is so the President does not have dictatorial control. Congress has a form of checked power so they cannot make unfair laws. The Judicial Branch is then not allowed to exceed the power that is given to them by law. It’s a system â€Å"Of the people, by the people, and for the people† allowing us as

The United States And The Declaration Of Independence Essay

To continue Jefferson shows these same qualities of independence in the declaration of independence. He wanted the United States to have the freedom to govern itself. According to the author, â€Å"I set out on this ground which I suppose to be self-evident, that the earth belongs in usufruct to the living... We seem not to perceive that, by the law of nature, one generation is to another as one independent nation is to another†¦ The earth belongs always to the living generations,† (Jefferson 5). What this quote form the text is saying is that this world set up so that people can be self- evident. He feels that nations should be independent and that the earth belongs to the living generations. According to the author, â€Å"not to find out new principles, or new arguments, never before thought of†¦ but to place before mankind the common sense of the subject, in terms so plain and firm as to command their assent, and to justify ourselves in the independent stand we a re compelled to take,† (Jefferson 10). To continue, what Jefferson is saying is that mankind has a compelling sense to take an independent stand. This is something that is and should be common sense to Americans. This is how we justify ourselves. Lastly, Whitman shows his identity through his self-pride. Self-pride is when an individual shows pride in oneself. It could be through things like goals and accomplishments, or even your looks or the way you go about things. People should also show pride in their opinions andShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of Independence By The United States1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe setting of the Declaration of Independence was the United States. It was declared on July 4, 1776. After the Boston tea party rebellion the United states wanted their independence. One will describe why the declaration of independence was written. What lead to the cause for writing such a document. The leaders who wrote the declaration. And what the colony was going through for it to lead to the circumstances. One will look at how England was treating the colonies that made them want to be theirRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States895 Words   |  4 Pageswere originally drafted. The U.S. Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, and Thomas Jefferson’s Letter to the Danbury Baptist Church are three documents that are still hold relevance in today’s societal discussions. These three documents hold truths, principals and ideologies that were and are crucial to the continuation and the development of the United States. The very ideas and tribulations that led to the development of the United States are expressed loudly in these three documents. WhileRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States897 Words   |  4 Pages The Declaration of Independence stated the United States should be established as a country, free from British control, the U.S. Constitution is a set of rules for that nation to follow, and Mark Twain’s As Regards Patriotism examines how these two documents affect the mindset of this country. Groupthink, not a word use in 1900, when Twain penned his essay, but it is a good analogy of what he was discussin g. Psychology Today says, â€Å"Groupthink occurs when a group values harmony and coherenceRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence : The United States1552 Words   |  7 Pageshappiness. This however was not always the case for the United States. It was once ruled by King George III, and the American people were under the control of the British Parliament. It is what the founding fathers of our country fought for, that made it possible for the United States to be what our country is today. This was only possible by their bravery and the creation of the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence was a document that was written by Thomas Jefferson, whoRead MoreThe United States Of The Declaration Of Independence1404 Words   |  6 PagesOn July 4th, 1776 the American Colonists ratified The Declaration of Independence. This Declaration severed their final ties to England and idealized the formation of an equal society, independent of a corrupted centralized government like that of Britain. In order to accomplish this perfect nation, the Americans followed the Declaration with the creation of The Articles of Confederation. The Confederation s purpose was to guide the young republic to a decentralized government that upheld theRead MoreThe United States Of The Declaration Of Independence1486 Words   |  6 Pagesthat took the lead on creating one of the first official American documents was the founding fathers. These men signed the Declaration of Independence from England in 1776. They were a group of very strong and independent men who were interested in the future of the country and its ability to stand on its own. Some of the most important men who signed the Declaration of Independence include: George Washington, John Adams, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, and JohnRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States1814 Words   |  8 PagesThe Declaration of Independence is the most imperative and most seasoned report in the United State History. The Declaration was drafted and marked to report our Declaration Of Independence from Great Britain, by saying, â€Å" The United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free andRead MoreThe United States Declaration Of Independence836 Words   |  4 Pages The United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 expressed that all men are created equal, whose unalienable rights include life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness (The United States National Archives Records Administration, n.d.). Life is the sequence of physical and mental experiences that make up the existence of an individual (Merriam-Webster, 2015). That is to say, the barometer of the wellness and health of a person should include both his biological and psychological/behavioralRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States1844 Words   |  8 Pages The Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer under British rule. Instead they formed a new nation—the United States of America. John A dams was a leader in pushing for independence, which was unanimously approved on July 2. A committeeRead MoreThe United States Declaration Of Independence1802 Words   |  8 PagesVirginia Convention instructs its Continental Congress delegation to propose a resolution of independence from Great Britain, paving the way for the United States Declaration of Independence. Also, in 1793 Diego Marà ­n Aguilera flies a glider for about 360 meters, at a height of 5–6 meters, during one of the first attempted manned flights. And in 1817 the first private mental health hospital in the United States, the Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason (now Friends Hospital)

Wuthering Heights By Emily Bronte - 1350 Words

The process of â€Å"defining† the genre of a novel is rarely straightforward; a few notable works of literature inspire constant scholarly debate about their particular category. The most well-known novels often contain elements from multiple, sometimes conflicting, genres. Wuthering Heights, written by the famous Emily Brontà «, is one pointed example of a divisive novel in this sense. Although it possesses characteristics of a diverse range of literature, inconsistencies undermine many standard categorizations. Wuthering Heights is far too twisted and its concept of love far too flawed to be a romantic novel, although the saga of Heathcliff and Cathy is undoubtedly a love story. As a whole, Wuthering Heights is best described as a Gothic romance novel: Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s masterpiece possesses nearly every attribute of a Gothic tale when she describes the setting of the novel, the characters included (especially Heathcliff himself), and themes such as death, among others, b ut her story also includes critical elements of both passionate love and societal love, thus sending a message about the consequences of desire. Wuthering Heights contains countless Gothic traits, most prominently in its setting, characters, and various themes. When Lockwood, the story’s initial narrator, first arrives at his landlord Heathcliff’s house, Wuthering Heights, its dark atmosphere immediately surprises him. Lockwood informs the reader that the word â€Å"wuthering† means that the house is often â€Å"exposed in stormyShow MoreRelatedWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1555 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Wuthering Heights (1847) by Emily Brontà « Introduction The novel Wuthering Heights was written in 1847 by Emily Brontà «. The plot unravels with Lockwood visiting his landlord at Wuthering Heights; as Lockwood stays the night, he starts to discover items within the home and later a fatal vision appears, which causes him great curiosity. Lockwood returns back to his residence at Thrushcross Granges and listens to the history of his landlord, Heathcliff; told by an old servant at Wuthering HeightsRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1521 Words   |  7 Pages  Wuthering Heights is Emily Brontà « s only novel. Written between October 1845 and June 1846, Wuthering Heights was published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell; Brontà « died the following year, aged 30. Wuthering Heights and Anne Brontà « s Agnes Grey were accepted by publisher Thomas Newby before the success of their sister Charlotte s novel, Jane Eyre. After Emily s death, Charlotte edited the manuscript of Wuthering Heights, and arranged for the edited version to be published as a posthumousRead MoreWuthering Heights by Emily Bronte1290 Words   |  5 Pagesusually by retaliating in kind or degree† (â€Å"revenge†) however to Heathcliff it meant more than just to avenge himself he wanted to have everything he felt he rightfully deserved and more. Social class and revenge, are primary themes in the novel Wuthering Heights. Social class plays a considerable part in the lives and loves of the charters in the novel. Revenge is key element in the book, this twisted theme creates the whole plot line. â€Å"Children develop a strong interest in the world around them by theRead MoreWuthering Heights, by Emily Brontà «1865 Words   |  8 Pagesdevilish, preternatural passion that tamer beings can scarcely recognize as love.† (Duclaux) Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « is considered a masterpiece today, however when it was first published, it received negative criticism for its passionate nature. Critics have studied the novel from every analytical angle, yet it remains one of the most haunting love stories of all time. â€Å"Wuthering Heights is not a comfortable book; it invites admiration rather than love,† (Stoneman 1). The novel containsRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1936 Words   |  8 PagesWuthering Heights, a novel by Emily Bronte is one of the most admired and favorable written works in English literature. When the novel was published in the year 1847, it sold very poorly and only received a minimum amount of reviews. Although the novel does not contain any sexual relations or bloodshed, it is considered to be inappropriate due to its portrayal of an unconstrained love and cruelty. Wuthering Heights is formed on the Gothic tradition in the late 18th century, which consists of supern aturalRead MoreWuthering Heights by Emily Bronte553 Words   |  2 PagesWuthering Heights: Good vs. Evil Emily Bronte’s classical literary masterpiece, Wuthering Heights, can more or less be viewed as a struggle between conventional, civilized human behavior, as well as the wild, anarchistic side that each of us humans possess, although subtly. Bronte’s piece can be summed up by the â€Å"good vs. evil† elements that include Wuthering Heights as opposed to Thrushcross Grange, Heathcliff vs. Edgar, and much more. These elemental set points lead to the conclusion that WutheringRead MoreWuthering Heights by Emily Bronte885 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Wuthering Heights† Emily Bronte vividly present the main character, Heathcliff, as misanthropist after he suffers abuse, degradation, and loses his beloved Catherine. Heathcliff, a black, orphan gipsy child, is brought to live in upper-class society by Mr. Earnshaw’s generosity. Heathcliff is an outcast in his new society. Thus, Heathcliff’s temperament is depicted in â€Å"Wuthering Heightsâ⠂¬  as cruel, abusive, and vindictive against those who humiliated and not accepted him in society. HeathcliffRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1149 Words   |  5 PagesDuring it release in 1842, ‘Wuthering Heights’ by Emily Bronte was considered to be a novel of obscenity and monstrosity. The novel has the ability to adapt to a range of themes and transcend the forms of content and cultural context within the ideas of love, oppression, power and harmony. Critical readings of the text have challenged and enriched readers in a diverse array of interpretations of language and structure; forming personal meanings that have developed throughout history. England, inRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1208 Words   |  5 Pagesrepair, and spark one of the most largest human motivations: vengeance. If left unnoticed, the feeling will grow inside us and consume our every thought and ruin our lives. Therefore, leaving no remorse or peace for ourselves and others. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights is a book about love that turns into vengeance and hatred that goes for generations. This story revolves around Heathcliff, an unmerciful vengeful man. His desire to pay back those who have done him wrong is so extreme that he finds himselfRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1766 Words   |  8 PagesKaitlynn Keegan Ms. Causey AP Literature, Period 2 11 December 2015 Wuthering Heights Introduction In the haunting book Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, love, rejection, and revenge are the main topic points of this composition. Rejection is a very large factor in this book: Catherine rejects Heathcliff because he is poor, to marry Edgar for money, and she ends up rejecting him as well. But all that is on Heathcliff’s mind is Catherine’s rejection of him and the revenge he wants to get on Edgar

Ethical Dilemmas in Nursing Research free essay sample

Ethical Dilemmas Patricia Smith Grantham University Theories amp; Research in Nursing NUR401 Kelli Reid RN/MSN/MBA May 14, 2013 W7 Journal Entry 7: Ethical Dilemmas The need for nursing research is evident. With the evolution of evidenced based practice for nursing, only the most up to date or current best researched evidence is being used or promoted at the bedside (Burns amp; Grove, 2009, p. 16). Although this need for nursing research is evident, such research cannot be obtained at any price. The advantages must clearly outweigh the potential disadvantages in order for any research to be ethically conducted. There are, as a result, some gray areas or issues that do not have the same level of importance, to a specific group or region of people, as they would to a different region or group of people. Care must be exercised to obtain an informed consent, to protect the privacy of those involved, to protect the participant’s personal information or data, to provide the participants an open opportunity to freely withdraw from the research project at any time and to explain the potential benefits as well as the possibility of any harm. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Dilemmas in Nursing Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Honestly in presentation without jargon is one of the most important components. In some cases, none of these expected requirements are followed. One example of this is the national screening of blood collected from all new born infants in the United States. Newborn Dried Blood Spot Screening or NBS is primarily a state facilitated laboratory test that obtains blood from an infant’s foot, and tests are run on that blood to detect genetic disorders or various other metabolic or endocrine conditions. Originally when these tests on newborns began in the early 1960’s, a single test was performed to identify phenylketonuria (PKU) that has an incidence of 1:20,000-25,000 infants. Whereby if the infant is positive for this test, the breakdown of amino acid is absent causing the protein to build up and cause mental or intellectual disability. The treatment, once aware of this deficiency, is simply to maintain a diet low in PKU. Over the years, more and more tests have been added to this screen, there are currently over thirty. Some professionals question the importance of some of these tests, since some have no treatment, and others are extremely rare. In 2005 a legal case was presented to the courts, as the parents tried to refuse this newborn testing for religious reasons, the child was snatched from the parents by Nebraska officials, and the tests were performed (Anderson, Rothwell, amp; Botkin, 2011, p. 116). The Courts sided with the State, claiming child protection (Douglas County v. Anaya , 2005, table C4). So how does this research go on when it is not entirely justified, nor does it meet the ethical requirements imposed otherwise? The President’s Council on Bioethics, the American Academy of Pediatrics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, March of Dimes, Save Babies Through Screening Foundation, Inc. , and advocacy groups, all support this testing. The ethical dilemma surrounding abortion in the United States is of utmost importance to all political offices. And, in light of the mandatory research screening performed on newborns, such causes one to wonder if these same organizations are as involved with the infant before the delivery or birth. In the 2011 Issue of Bioethics Magazine, Prof. Scott Woodcock presented the ilemma he believes is caused by honest full disclosure and informed consent. He stated that a fully honest and informed consent provided to a pregnant woman might be a deterrent to her obtaining the abortion she is seeking, causing guilt or intimidation. He suggests that providing only certain types of information, and using communication skills rather than straightforward information given (Woodcock, 2011, p. 496). This sounds like regression, instead of progression here. Leaving choice bits of information out makes an informed consent an uninformed consent and places the caregiver at risk legally for withholding information. At risk ethically as well, who decides what information to provide in each case or â€Å"relationship†? That type of healthcare would be inconsistent, bias and exceedingly dangerous. The elected officials are the overseers, and elected as the lawgivers. The best way to avoid ethical dilemmas or any dilemmas is to be honest and knowledgeable about your topic of research. Practice within ones scope. Encourage open communication. Educate and teach without biases. Consistently know and follow your facilities protocols, but primarily adhere to the state and federal laws. References Anderson, R. , Rothwell, E. , amp; Botkin, J. 2011, January 1). Newborn screening: ethical, legal, and social implications. Annual Review of Nursing Research , 29, 113-132. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1891/0739-6686. 29. 113 Burns, N. , amp; Grove, S. K. (2009). The Practice of Nursing Research Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (6th ed. ). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier. CHILD’s Legal Initiatives – Amicus Curiae Briefs. (2005). Retrieved from http://childrenshealthcare. org/? page_id=24#Lawsuits Woodcock, S. (2011, November 1). ABORTION COUNSELLING AND THE INFORMED CONSENT DILEMMA. Bioethics, 25, 495-504. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1111/j. 1467-8519. 2009. 01798. x

Patient Confidentiality

The Issue It is the duty of healthcare providers to sustain the confidentiality of their patients. However, healthcare practitioners face a huge workload and sometimes find themselves taking part in discussions about their patients. The code of ethics for all healthcare practitioners prohibits any discussion on the healthcare of patients without their knowledge. Today, there are new technologies that enable people to engage in conversations without physically being close to one another.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Patient Confidentiality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such technologies include social networking tools like Facebook and Twitter that allow two or more people to have a conversation and share multimedia content. The presence and ease of access of such social networking tools make it possible for healthcare practitioners to ease their workload pressures by instantly connecting to their s ocial circles. Unfortunately, the solution does not come without drawbacks. Leach (2009) reports in the Telegraph that out of 78 US medical schools, more than half had cases of students sharing information online in an unprofessional way. Moreover, the Telegraph report indicates that the number of guileless violations falls within the ratio of one for every ten students. The main online forums that medical students used to share content unprofessionally were blogs and the social networking site, Facebook. According to the article, violations reported were in the form of profanity and the use of discriminatory language while describing patients or their conditions. Additionally, the report notes that the medical students behaved in a conduct that could not be justified given the fact that they were training to become physicians. Impact Behaviors such as being frequently drunk and disorderly contributed largely to the violation of patient’s trust and public trust in the medical students and the healthcare profession in general. Most of the information posted online breached doctor-patient agreement or expectation on confidentiality. Because of the violations of patient confidentiality, students receive informal warnings and when the violations become serious, medical schools have no other choice but to dismiss the particular students. Arguments and Facts Used in the Article to Support Solution The article indicates that it is important to instill the discipline expected of a medical practitioner to students. Therefore, medical students need to know practically the disadvantages and consequences of being careless with the information they give out while contributing to social conversations. Additionally, students need to be extra careful when using online media to communicate because the internet exponentially increases the speed and access to information. The article indicates that a possible cause of the high number of student misconduct cases is a resul t of the lack of sound policies that cover engagements in social network and blogging services online (Leach, 2009).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ethical and legal issues reported The Telegraph article, discussed above, points out ethical misgivings that include the failure to ask for the patient’s permission before disclosing their status to other persons. Medical practitioners abide by the oath of Hippocrates that simply states that they should not speak of anything that they see or hear in the lives of their patients that is not acceptable. The US law protects a patient’s confidentially through the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Under this law, medical practitioners and mostly physicians have to abide by requirements that regulate the handling and disclosure of patient’s health information transactions and their confidentiality. Moreover, the law protects a patient’s data through a number of guidelines directly related to the daily workings of a physician. The human rights act also assures everyone of respect to their personal lives together with their homes and correspondence (The UK Ethics Network, n.d.). An Explanation of Managerial Responsibilities Physicians have a responsibility of using resources, supervising or leading teams and working in managed systems in various institutions. Practically, all practicing physicians act as managers in their respective capacities. Healthcare managers have the responsibility of raising concerns in public community risks only after they have done the same within their organizations without finding a solution. However, this does not absolve them of their responsibility of not breaching patient confidentiality. Therefore, it is important that practitioners keep abreast with new ethical and legal requirements regarding patient confidentiality. He althcare institutions have to manage patient confidentiality properly by using well-structured systems. The systems should follow the law requirements of storing, using and disclosing patient confidential information. Likewise, institutions need record managers with the adequate training needed to provide data protection. These record managers do not work in isolation; they need adequate support and cooperation that will allow them to perform as required. Other than record managers, staff having access to patient records should also have a proficient training on discretion and decent record keeping (General Medical Council, 2006). Lastly, staff contracts need to state explicitly the importance of respecting and maintaining patient confidentiality. Generally, a medical practitioner should listen to patients and respect their personal health views. In addition, patient’s descriptions handling should be serious and the feedback provided to the patient should be in an understanda ble way. When patients complain, they should receive a prompt answer form their physician. Additionally, the answer should be frank and beneficial. A proper way to manage patient information would be to make timely reports for the organization, which may be shared with other relevant bodies. This ensures that any blame arising shifts away from the practitioner after the resolution of the case.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Patient Confidentiality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Proposed Solutions A possible solution to the students’ case of breaching patient confidentiality would be to introduce safeguards on Clinical Data Management (CDM) systems to prevent leak of information. The law needs amending to include harsh penalties even for student doctors as a way to instill the discipline of respecting patient confidentiality. One major form, in which patient confidentiality breaches occur, is t hrough negligence of other structures necessary for guaranteeing it. One such case is on patient privacy. When patient privacy structures have a poor implementation record in an institution, likely due to lack of dedicated resources, then patient confidentiality tends to suffer (Manning, n.d.). In the students’ case, outlined in this essay, Leach (2009) reports that most of the medical schools covered in the study did not have any policy covering the use of blogging and social media networks online. This is an example of a case where the disregard of patient’s privacy has negative externalities to patient confidentiality. If the medical schools had policies protecting patient privacy by restricting the use of online media and other channels of communication, then incidences of student breach of patient confidentiality would not be as high as reported. It is important to strengthen warnings against breach of patient confidentiality by having robust systems. To sum up, p atient confidentiality is a fundamental requirement of patient-physician relationships. Medical practitioners have an ethical and legal obligation to adhere to patient confidentiality. Each practitioner assumes managerial responsibilities for their departments, teams or institutions. Having a well-structured system allows these practitioners to fulfill their responsibilities easily. References General Medical Council. (2006). Management for doctors – guidance for doctors. Web. Leach, B. (2009, September 24). ‘Tweeting’ breaches patient confidentiality. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Manning, W. L. (n.d.). Privacy and confidentiality in clinical data management systems: why you should guard the safe. Web. This research paper on Patient Confidentiality was written and submitted by user Jackal to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.